Title |
MINIREVIEW] Overview: Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus |
Author |
Sang-Im Yun and Young-Min Lee* |
Address |
Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah Science Technology and Research, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4815, USA |
Bibliography |
Journal of Microbiology, 51(6),711–723, 2013,
|
DOI |
10.1007/s12275-013-3431-z
|
Key Words |
porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, RNA replication, viral gene expression, arterivirus |
Abstract |
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV),
an arterivirus that causes significant losses in the pig industry,
is one of the most important animal pathogens of global
significance. Since the discovery of the virus, significant progress
has been made in understanding its epidemiology and
transmission, but no adequate control measures are yet available
to eliminate infection with this pathogen. The genome
replication of PRRSV is required to reproduce, within a few
hours of infection, the millions of progeny virions that establish,
disseminate, and maintain infection. Replication of the
viral RNA genome is a multistep process involving a replication
complex that is formed not only from components
of viral and cellular origin but also from the viral genomic
RNA template; this replication complex is embedded within
particular virus-induced membrane vesicles. PRRSV RNA
replication is directed by at least 14 replicase proteins that
have both common enzymatic activities, including viral RNA
polymerase, and also unusual and poorly understood RNAprocessing
functions. In this review, we summarize our
current understanding of PRRSV replication, which is important
for developing a successful strategy for the prevention
and control of this pathogen. |