Title |
MINIREVIEW] Biofilm dispersion in Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
Author |
Soo-Kyoung Kim and Joon-Hee Lee* |
Address |
Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea |
Bibliography |
Journal of Microbiology, 54(2),71-85, 2016,
|
DOI |
10.1007/s12275-016-5528-7
|
Key Words |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, biofilm, biofilm dispersion,
cyclic-di-GMP, anthranilate, nitric oxide, quorum
sensing |
Abstract |
In recent decades, many researchers have written numerous
articles about microbial biofilms. Biofilm is a complex community
of microorganisms and an example of bacterial group
behavior. Biofilm is usually considered a sessile mode of life
derived from the attached growth of microbes to surfaces, and
most biofilms are embedded in self-produced extracellular
matrix composed of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs),
such as polysaccharides, extracellular DNAs (eDNA), and
proteins. Dispersal, a mode of biofilm detachment indicates
active mechanisms that cause individual cells to separate from
the biofilm and return to planktonic life. Since biofilm cells
are cemented and surrounded by EPSs, dispersal is not simple
to do and many researchers are now paying more attention
to this active detachment process. Unlike other modes
of biofilm detachment such as erosion or sloughing, which
are generally considered passive processes, dispersal occurs
as a result of complex spatial differentiation and molecular
events in biofilm cells in response to various environmental
cues, and there are many biological reasons that force bacterial
cells to disperse from the biofilms. In this review, we
mainly focus on the spatial differentiation of biofilm that is
a prerequisite for dispersal, as well as environmental cues
and molecular events related to the biofilm dispersal. More
specifically, we discuss the dispersal-related phenomena and
mechanisms observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important
opportunistic human pathogen and representative
model organism for biofilm study. |