| Title | Increased susceptibility against Cryptococcus neoformans of lupus mouse models (pristane-induction and FcGRIIb deficiency) is associated with activated macrophage, regardless of genetic background |
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| Author | Saowapha Surawut1, Jiradej Makjaroen1, Arthid Thim-uam2, Jutamas Wongphoom3, Tanapat Palaga4, Prapaporn Pisitkun5, Ariya Chindamporn6, and Asada Leelahavanichkul6,7* |
| Address | 1Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 2Inter-Department Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Graduate, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 3Division of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 4Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 6Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 7Skeletal Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand |
| Bibliography | Journal of Microbiology, 57(1),45–53, 2019, |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12275-019-8311-8 |
| Key Words | Cryptococcus neoformans, pristane model, FcGRIIb deficient mice, lupus, susceptibility, murine model |
| Abstract | The severity of cryptococcosis in lupus from varying geneticbackgrounds might be different due to the heterogeneity of lupus-pathogenesis. This study explored cryptococcosis in lupus mouse models of pristane-induction (normal geneticbackground) and FcGRIIb deficiency (genetic defect). Because the severity of lupus nephritis, as determined by proteinuria and serum creatinine, between pristane and FcGRIIb-/- mice were similar at 6-month-old, Cryptococcus neoformans was intravenously administered in 6-month-old mice and were age-matched with wild-type. Indeed, the cryptococcosis disease severity, as evaluated by mortality rate, internal-organ fungal burdens and serum cytokines, between pristane and FcGRIIb-/- mice was not different. However, the severity of cryptococcosis in wild-type was less severe than the lupus mice. On the other hand, phagocytosis activity of peritoneal macrophages from lupus mice (pristane and FcGRIIb-/-) was more predominant than the wild-type without the difference in macrophage killing-activity among these groups. In addition, the number of active T helper cells (Th-cell) in the spleen, including Th-cells with intracellular IFN-γ, from lupus mice (pristane and FcGRIIb-/-) was higher than wildtype. Moreover, these active Th-cells were even higher after 2 weeks of cryptococcal infection. These data support enhanced macrophage activation through prominent Th-cells in both lupus models. In conclusion, an increased susceptibility of cryptococcosis in both lupus models was independent to genetic background. This might due to Th-cell enhanced macrophage phagocytosis with the interference of macrophage killing activity from Cryptococcal immune-evasion properties. |