Title |
Molecular mechanism of Escherichia coli H10407 induced diarrhoea and its control through immunomodulatory action of bioactives from Simarouba amara (Aubl.) |
Author |
Hegde Veena1, Sandesh K. Gowda2, Rajeshwara N. Achur3, and Nayaka Boramuthi Thippeswamy1* |
Address |
1Department of Microbiology, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga 577451, Karnataka, India, 2Director, Niranthara Scientific Solutions Pvt. Ltd, Bengaluru 560060, Karnataka, India, 3Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga 577451, Karnataka, India |
Bibliography |
Journal of Microbiology, 59(4),435–447, 2021,
|
DOI |
10.1007/s12275-021-0423-2
|
Key Words |
ETEC H10407, intestine alkaline phosphatase,
cAMP, PGE2, nitric oxide, IL-1β, MPO, S. amara (Aubl.)
bark |
Abstract |
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection is a major
cause of death in children under the age of five in developing
countries. ETEC (O78:H11:CFA/I:LT+:ST+) mechanism
has been studied in detail with either heat labile (LT) or heat
stable (ST) toxins using in vitro and in vivo models. However,
there is no adequate information on ETEC pathogenesis producing
both the toxins (LT, ST) in BALB/c mice model. In this
study, female mice have been employed to understand ETEC
H10407 infection induced changes in physiology, biochemical
and immunological patterns up to seven days post-infection
and the antidiarrhoeal effect of Simarouba amara
(Aubl.) bark aqueous extract (SAAE) has also been looked
into. The results indicate that BALB/c is sensitive to ETEC
infection resulting in altered jejunum and ileum histomorphology.
Withal, ETEC influenced cAMP, PGE2, and NO
production resulting in fluid accumulation with varied Na+,
K+, Cl-, and Ca2+ levels. Meanwhile, ETEC subverted expression
of IL-1β, intestine alkaline phosphatase (IAP), and myeloperoxidase
(MPO) in jejunum and ileum. Our data also indicate
the severity of pathogenesis reduction which might be
due to attainment of equilibrium after reaching optimum rate
of infection. Nevertheless, degree of pathogenesis was highly
significant (p < 0.01) in all the studied parameters. Besides
that, SAAE was successful in reducing the infectious diarrhoea
by inhibiting ETEC H10407 in intestine (jejunum and
ileum), and shedding in feces. SAAE decreased cAMP, PGE2,
and fluid accumulation effectively and boosted the functional
activity of immune system in jejunum and ileum IAP, MPO,
IL-1β, and nitric oxide. |