| Title | [MINIREVIEW]Gain and loss of antibiotic resistant genes in multidrug resistant bacteria: One Health perspective |
|---|---|
| Author | Misung Kim, Jaeeun Park, Mingyeong Kang, Jihye Yang, and Woojun Park |
| Address | Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea |
| Bibliography | Journal of Microbiology, 59(6),535–545, 2021, |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12275-021-1085-9 |
| Key Words | horizontal gene transfer, multidrug resistance, antibiotic resistance genes, co-selection, cross resistance |
| Abstract | The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a global health threat due to the increasing unnecessary use of antibiotics. Multidrug resistant bacteria occur mainly by accumulating resistance genes on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), made possible by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Humans and animal guts along with natural and engineered environments such as wastewater treatment plants and manured soils have proven to be the major reservoirs and hotspots of spreading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). As those environments support the dissemination of MGEs through the complex interactions that take place at the human-animalenvironment interfaces, a growing One Health challenge is for multiple sectors to communicate and work together to prevent the emergence and spread of MDR bacteria. However, maintenance of ARGs in a bacterial chromosome and/or plasmids in the environments might place energy burdens on bacterial fitness in the absence of antibiotics, and those unnecessary ARGs could eventually be lost. This review highlights and summarizes the current investigations into the gain and loss of ARG genes in MDR bacteria among human-animal- environment interfaces. We also suggest alternative treatments such as combinatory therapies or sequential use of different classes of antibiotics/adjuvants, treatment with enzymeinhibitors, and phage therapy with antibiotics to solve the MDR problem from the perspective of One Health issues. |