Title |
Complete genetic dissection and cell type-specific replication of old world alphaviruses, getah virus (GETV) and sagiyama virus (SAGV) |
Author |
Yiwen Zhang, Jinhan Yu, Lu Tan, Xingxing Wang, Runsheng Li, and Dal Young Kim |
Address |
Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong 518057, Hong Kong |
Bibliography |
Journal of Microbiology, 59(11),1044-1055, 2021,
|
DOI |
10.1007/s12275-021-1361-8
|
Key Words |
alphaviruses, Getah virus, Sagiyama virus, plaque
assay, growth kinetics, complete nucleotide sequences |
Abstract |
Getah virus (GETV), which was first isolated in Malaysia in
1955, and Sagiyama virus (SAGV), isolated in Japan in 1956,
are members of the genus Alphavirus in the family Togaviridae.
It is a consensus view that SAGV is a variant of GETV.
In the present study, we determined the complete sequences
of the prototype GETV MM2021 and SAGV M6-Mag132
genomic RNA extracted from plaque-purified viruses. The
MM2021 genome was 11,692 nucleotides (nt) in length in the
absence of 3poly(A) tail, and the length of M6-Mag132 genome
was 11,698 nt. Through sequence alignment of MM2021
and M6-Mag132, we located all the amino acid differences
between these two strains, which were scattered in all the encoded
proteins. Subsequently, we validated the close evolutionary
relationship between GETV and SAGV by constructing
phylogenetic trees based on either complete genomes or
structural genomes. We eventually analyzed the growth kinetics
of GETV and SAGV as well as other representative alphaviruses
in various mammalian and insect cell lines. It was
shown that human-oriented cell lines such as HEK-293T and
Hela cells were relatively resistant to GETV and SAGV infection
due to absence of proviral factors or species-specific barrier.
On the other hand, both GETV and SAGV replicated efficiently
in non-human cell lines. Our results provide essential
genetic information for future epidemiological surveillance
on Alphaviruses and lay the foundation for developing
effective interventions against GETV and SAGV. |