| Title | Comparison of Cytokine and Nitric Oxide Induction in Murine Macrophages between Whole Cell and Enzymatically Digested Bifidobacterium sp. Obtained from Monogastric Animals |
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| Author | Dong Woon Kim1*, Sung Back Cho1, Hyun Jeong Lee1, Wan Tae Chung1, Kyoung Hoon Kim1, Jong Hwangbo1, In Sik Nam1, Young Il Cho1, Mhan Pyo Yang2, and Il Byung Chung1 |
| Address | 1Animal Nutrition and Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon 441-706, Republic of Korea, 2Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea |
| Bibliography | Journal of Microbiology, 45(4),305-310, 2007, |
| DOI | |
| Key Words | macrophage, nitric oxide, cytokine, bifidobacteria |
| Abstract | The principal objective of this study was to compare the effects of whole and hydrolyzed cells (bifidobacteria) treated with gastrointestinal digestive enzymes on the activation of cloned macrophages. Seven different strains of Bifidobacterium obtained from swine, chickens, and rats, were digested with pepsin followed by pancreatin and the precipitate (insoluble fraction) and supernatant (soluble fraction) obtained via centrifugation. The RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were incubated with either whole cells, the precipitate, or supernatant at various concentrations. Pronounced increases in the levels of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were observed in the whole cells and precipitates, but these effects were less profound in the supernatants. The precipitates also evidenced a slight, but significant, inductive activity for NO and all tested cytokines, with the exception of TNF-α in the macrophage model as compared with the whole cells. By way of contrast, TNF-α production when cultured with whole cells (100 ng/ml) resulted in marked increases as compared with what was observed with the precipitates. The results of this study indicated, for the first time, that digested Bifidobacterium sp. can induce the production of NO and several cytokines in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. In the current study, it was demonstrated that Bifidobacterium strains treated with digestive enzymes, as compared with whole cells, are capable of stimulating the induction of macrophage mediators, which reflects that they may be able to modulate the gastrointestinal immune functions of the host. |
| Download PDF | 45(4)_05.pdf |