| Title |
Effects of Nicotine on the Growth and Protein Expression of Porphyromonas gingivalis |
| Author |
Orson Baek1, Weidong Zhu2, Hyeong C. Kim Kim1, and Seok-Woo Lee Lee3,4* |
| Address |
1Division of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA , 2Currently, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90502, USA, 3Division of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA, 4Departments of Periodontics and Dental Education, Dental Science Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea |
| Bibliography |
Journal of Microbiology, 50(1),143-148, 2012,
|
| DOI |
|
| Key Words |
smoking, nicotine, protein expression, virulence, periodontal disease, oral anaerobic bacterium |
| Abstract |
Tobacco smoking is considered one of the most significant
environmental risk factors for destructive periodontal disease.
The effect of smoking on periodontopathic microbiota has
not yet been elucidated, as previous studies failed to identify
a concrete relationship between periodontopathic microorganisms
and smoking. However, it is likely that smoking, as
an environmental stress factor, may affect the behavior of
dental plaque microorganisms, ultimately leading to alteration
of the host-parasite interaction. The goal of this study
was to examine the effect of nicotine, a major component of
tobacco, on the growth and protein expression of the crucial
periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. The growth
of P. gingivalis 381 was measured after bacterial cells were
cultivated in liquid broth containing various nicotine concentrations.
First, P. gingivalis cells were allowed to grow in
the presence of a single dose of nicotine (the single exposure
protocol) at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg/L, respectively. Second, P.
gingivalis cells were exposed to five consecutive doses of
nicotine (the multiple exposure protocol) at 0, 1, 2, and 4
mg/L, respectively. Bacterial growth was measured by optical
density and protein expression was analyzed by SDS-PAGE
and 2-D gel electrophoresis. In the single nicotine exposure
protocol, it was observed that the growth of P. gingivalis
381 was inhibited by nicotine in a dose-dependent manner.
In the multiple nicotine exposure protocol, the growth rate
of P. gingivalis increased with each subsequent nicotine exposure,
even though bacterial growth was also inhibited in a
dose dependent fashion. SDS-PAGE and 2-D gel electrophoresis
analyses revealed a minor change in the pattern of
protein expression, showing differences in proteins with
low molecular weights (around 20 kDa) on exposure to
nicotine. The results of this study suggest that nicotine exerts
an inhibitory effect on the growth of P. gingivalis, and has a
potential to modulate protein expression in P. gingivalis. |
