| Title | REVIEW] Current understanding of microbiota- and dietary-therapies for treating inflammatory bowel disease |
|---|---|
| Author | Taekil Eom1, Yong Sung Kim2, Chang Hwan Choi3, Michael J. Sadowsky4,5,6, and Tatsuya Unno1,7* |
| Address | 1Subtropical/tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea, 2Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo 15865, Republic of Korea, 3Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea, 4BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA, 5Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA, 6Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA, 7Faculty of Biotechnology, School of life sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea |
| Bibliography | Journal of Microbiology, 56(3),189–198, 2018, |
| DOI | 10.1007/s12275-018-8049-8 |
| Key Words | dysbiosis, gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease, probiotics, prebiotics, short chain fatty acids |
| Abstract | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a result of chronic inflammation caused, in some part, by dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota, mainly commensal bacteria. Gut dysbiosis can be caused by multiple factors, including abnormal immune responses which might be related to genetic susceptibility, infection, western dietary habits, and administration of antibiotics. Consequently, the disease itself is characterized as having multiple causes, etiologies, and severities. Recent studies have identified > 200 IBD risk loci in the host. It has been postulated that gut microbiota interact with these risk loci resulting in dysbiosis, and this subsequently leads to the development of IBD. Typical gut microbiota in IBD patients are characterized with decrease in species richness and many of the commensal, and beneficial, fecal bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and an increase or bloom of Proteobacteria. However, at this time, cause and effect relationships have not been rigorously established. While treatments of IBD usually includes medications such as corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylates, antibiotics, immunomodulators, and anti- TNF agents, restoration of gut dysbiosis seems to be a safer and more sustainable approach. Bacteriotherapies (now called microbiota therapies) and dietary interventions are effective way to modulate gut microbiota. In this review, we summarize factors involved in IBD and studies attempted to treat IBD with probiotics. We also discuss the potential use of microbiota therapies as one promising approach in treating IBD. As therapies based on the modulation of gut microbiota becomes more common, future studies should include individual gut microbiota differences to develop personalized therapy for IBD. |