Title |
Prevalence of human Norovirus by genotype in contaminated groundwater in Korea over the last decade (2007–2016) |
Author |
Siwon Lee, Junhyeong Jang, Kyungseon Bae, Wonseok Lee, Hyenmi Chung, and Sangjung Park* |
Address |
Water Supply and Sewerage Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea |
Bibliography |
Journal of Microbiology, 56(12),926–931, 2018,
|
DOI |
10.1007/s12275-018-8340-8
|
Key Words |
genotype, groundwater, human Norovirus, HuNoV
genotype |
Abstract |
This study investigated the occurrence of human Norovirus
(HuNoV) by genotype in 1,486 groundwater samples collected
from 843 groundwater wells suspected of contamination during
2007–2016, in South Korea. We identified and genotyped
186 HuNoV sequences in 178 HuNoV-positive samples using
the RIVM-NoroNet norovirus genotyping tool (NGT) and
phylogenetic tree analysis based on RIVM-NoroNet reference
sequences. HuNoV GII was more prevalent than GI. The major
genotypes detected were HuNoV GII.4 (43.0%), GII.22
(15.6%), GI.5 (10.2%), and GI.1 (8.6%); several genotypes
accounted for < 5.0% of all HuNoVs, including GII.17, GI.6,
GI.4, GII.6, GI.8, GII.3, GII.13, GI.3, GI.7, GI.2, GI.9, GII.1,
GII.8, and GII.10. The prevalence of HuNoVs and number
of genotypes detected has drastically decreased over the last
decade. HuNoV GII.17, the emerging genotype worldwide
including Europe and Asia, appeared in Korean groundwater
from 2010, dominated in 2013–2014, and continued to be
observed. HuNoV GII.4, the major type occurred last decade
from Korean groundwater except 2013–2014, continued to be
detected and prevalent similar to HuNoV GII.17 in 2016. |